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Sources and Field Guides

The notations given in SOURCES are in square brackets. Click to move to reference:

[Ammirati][Ammirati(2)][Ammirati(3)][Ammirati(4)][Ammirati(5)][Ammirati(6)]
[Ammirati(7)][Ammirati(8)][Ammirati(9)][Ammirati(10)][Arora] [Bandala] [Bandoni][Banerjee(1)] [Banerjee(2)] [Banerjee(3)] [Banik][Barron] [Baroni(1)]
[Baroni(2)] [Bendiksen] [Benjamin] [Bérubé] [Bessette(1)][Bessette(2)] [Bigelow(1)][Bigelow(2)] [Bigelow(3)] [Bigelow(4)] [Bigelow(5)] [Bigelow(6)]
[Bigelow(7)] [Bigelow(8)] [Bigelow(9)] [Bigelow(10)][Bills] [Brandrud] [Breitenbach][Burlingham(1)][Burlingham(2)][Burlingham(3)][Burlingham(4)]
[Castellano(1)] [Cazares] [Clemençon] [Cooke(1)] [Cooke(2)] [Corner][Courtecuisse] [Crawshay] [Cripps][Davidson] [Desjardin(1)] [Desjardin(2)] [Desjardin(3)]
[Favre][Freeman] [Fries] [Gillman] [Grund] [Grund(2)][Grund(3)] [Grund(4)]
[Grund(5)] [Grund(6)] [Grund(7)] [Grund(8)] [Grund(9)] [Grund(10)][Guzmán]
[Halling(1)] [Halling(2)] [Hansen] [Henderson] [Hesler] [Hesler(2)]
[Hesler(3)] [Hesler(4)] [Hesler(5)] [Hesler(6)] [Hesler(7)] [Hoiland]
[Homola] [Hotson] [Kauffman] [Kauffman(2)][Kauffman(3)][Kauffman(4)] [Kelly(1)] [Kendrick(1)][Kendrick(2)][Kernaghan][Kornerup][Kibby][Kuyper][Laessoe]
[Lange][Lar gent] [Lamoure] [Lennox][Libonati-Barnes][Lincoff(1)] [Lincoff(2)]
[Liu][Lowe] [McKnight][Maas Geesteranus][Miller(1)] [Miller(2)] [Miller(3)]
[Miller(4)] [Morrison][Moser(1)] [Moser(2)] [Moser(3)] [Moser(4)] [Moser(5)]
[Moser(6)] [Moser(7)] [Moser(8)] [Moser(9)] [Mueller] [Mueller(2)][Murrill(1)][Murrill(2)][Murrill(3)][Murrill(4)][Murrill(5)]
[Murrill(6)][Murrill(7)] [MykoWeb] [Nishida] [Nishida(2)] [Norvell] [Ovrebo(1)]
[Peck(1)] [Perry] [Phillips] [Phillips(2)][Pilat] [Rayner] [Rayner(2)] [Redhead(1)][Redhead(2)][Redhead(3)][Redhead(4)][Redhead(5)]
[Redhead(6)][Redhead (7)][Redhead(8)][Redhead(9)][Redhead(10)]
[Redhead(11)] [Redhead(12)] [Redhead(13)] [Redhead(14)]
[Redhead(15)] [Redhead(16)] [Redhead(17)] [Redhead(18)]
[Redhead(19)] [Redhead(20)] [Redhead(21)] [Redhead(22)]
[Redhead(23)] [Redhead(24)] [Redhead(25)] [Rehner] [Ridgway] [Romagnesi][Sagara][Schalkwijk-Barendsen][Shaffer(1)] [Shaffer(2)]
[Shaffer(3)] [Shaffer(4)][Shaffer(5)] [Shanks(1)] [Shanks(2)] [Singer(1)] [Singer(2)] [Singer(3)] [Singer(4)] [Singer(5)] [Smith(1)] [Smith(2)] [Smith(3)]
[Smith(4)] [Smith(5)] [Smith(6)] [Smith(7)] [Smith(8)] [Smith(9)] [Smith(10)]
[Smith(11)] [Smith(12)] [Smith(13)] [Smith(14)] [Smith(15)] [Smith(16)] [Smith(17)] [Smith(18)] [Smith(19)] [Smith(20)] [Smith(21)] [Smith(22)] [Smith(23)] [Smith(24)] [Stuntz(1)] [Stamets] [Thorn] [Thorn(2)][Tulloss(1)] [Tulloss(2)][Van De Bogart(1)]
[Van De Bogart(2)][Van De Bogart(3)] [Volk] [Volk(2)][Watling][Watling(2)] [Watling(3)]

The descriptions are derived from the technical literature, or where that was unavailable to us or seemed unnecessary, from field guides. The relevant information is restated in uniform format. In many cases when the descriptions are from more than one source, information from the different sources is merged. In the case of two particularly difficult genera with multiple sources, namely Cortinarius and Russula, the source of individual pieces of information is given specifically. For Russula, the description from Trial Key to the Pacific Northwest Species, by Ben Woo, is given first because it is concise, followed by more detailed descriptions.

Field Guides

• Ammirati, Joseph, McKenny, Margaret, Stuntz, Daniel. 1987. The New Savory Wild Mushroom. University of Washington. Covers primarily the Pacific Northwest. About 130 color photographs of gilled mushrooms with the best quality among field guides, brief descriptions. [Ammirati]
• Arora, David. 1986 Mushrooms Demystified Second Edition. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley. This is the best field guide overall, and a must for serious beginners. While it has most information about California, it is an excellent and humorously written source for all of North America. Some color photographs, more black and white photographs, good keys that are very useful for the Pacific Northwest. [Arora]
• Bandoni, R.J.. 1976. Guide to Common Mushrooms of BC. rev. color ed. B.C. Prov. Mus. Handb. Inexpensive but not comprehensive enough for use as sole field guide. [Bandoni]
• Barron, George. 1999. Mushrooms of Northeast North America. Lone Pin Press, Edmonton Alberta.. Almost 300 well-composed color photographs of gilled mushrooms, often pictured also in other field guides. Brief descriptions. Especially useful in eastern North America. [Barron]
• Bessette, Alan E., Bessette, Arleen R., Miller, Orson K. Miller, Hope H. 1995. Mushrooms of North America in Color: A Field Guide to Seldom-Illustrated Fungi. Syracuse University Press. Contains illustrations and detailed descriptions of 42 seldom illustrated gilled mushrooms. [Bessette(1)]
• Bessette, Alan E., Bessette, Arleen R., Fischer, David W. 1997. Mushrooms of Northeastern North America. Syracuse University Press. Over 300 color photographs of gilled mushrooms, often pictured also in other field guides. Includes descriptions and keys. A good source for modern names and especially useful in eastern North America. [Bessette(2)]
• Breitenbach, J., Kränzlin, F. 1991. MuFungi of Switzerland Volume 3 Boletes and Agarics First Part. Edition Mykologia Lucerne. [Breitenbach]
• Courtecuisse, R., Duhem, B. 1995. Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain & Europe. Collins Field Guide Harper Collins, London. Over 1750 color illustrations with brief descriptions. [Courtecuisse]
• Guzmán, Gastón. 1983. The Genus Psilocybe. J. Cramer [Guzmán]
• Kibby, G. 1993. An Illustrated Guide to Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Dragon's World Ltd., Limpsfield, U.K. 400 species (more than half of them gilled mushrooms) attractively illustrated and briefly described. [Kibby]
• Laessoe, Thomas, Gary Lincoff, Neil Fletcher. 1998. Mushrooms. Eyewitness Handbooks. Stoddart Publishing, Toronto. Over 250 color photographs of gilled mushrooms from around the world with brief descriptions. [Laessoe]
• Lincoff, Gary. 1981. Simon and Shuster's Guide to Mushrooms. Simon & Shuster, New York. A North American edition of a European book by G. Pacioni Illustrates and describes about 200 North American gilled species. [Lincoff(1)]
• Lincoff, Gary. 1995. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms. Knopf, New York. 750 color photographs with English names organized by color and shape, and a text which gives Latin names and descriptions. [Lincoff(2)]
• McKnight, Kent H., McKnight, Vera B. 1987. A Field Guide to Mushrooms North America. Peterson Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin, New York. Illustrates and describes over 500 mushroom species. [McKnight]
• Phillips, Roger. 1981. Mushrooms and other fungi of Great Britain and Europe. Pan Books, London. Similar to author's Mushrooms of North America but with European species not found in that book. [Phillips(2)]
• Phillips, Roger. 1991. Mushrooms of North America. Little, Brown, & Co., Boston. Over 1000 color photographs, each having different angles and stages of the mushroom in question, also has concise descriptions of each. [Phillips]
• Schalkwijk-Barendsen, Helene M.E. 1991. Mushrooms of Western Canada. Lone Pine, Edmonton. Watercolors and brief descriptions, particularly strong for Alberta. [Schalkwijk-Barendsen]
• Smith, Alexander H. 1975. A Field Guide to Western Mushrooms. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. [Smith(8)]
• Smith, Alexander H., Smith Helen V., Weber, Nancy S. 1979. How to Know the Gilled Mushrooms. Wm. C. Brown Company, Dubuque, Iowa. A variety of mushrooms with line drawings. [Smith(6)]
• Smith, Alexander H., Smith Helen V., Weber, Nancy S. 1981. How to Know the Non-gilled Mushrooms. Second Edition. Wm. C. Brown Company, Dubuque, Iowa. Used here only for description of sequestrated gilled species (that do not have fully formed gills). [Smith(4)]
• Tylutki, Edmund E. 1987. Mushrooms of Idaho and the Pacific Northwest. Volume 2. Non-gilled Hymenomycetes. University of Idaho Press, Moscow, Idaho. Used here only for description of cantharelloid species with veined fertile surface. [Tylutki]

Specialized Works

• Benjamin, D.R. 1995 Mushrooms: Poisons and Panaceas Freeman, New York. Detailed coverage of mushroom poisoning by a physician and interesting history of the relationship between mushrooms and health. [Benjamin]
• Bigelow, H.E. 1982. North American Species of Clitocybe, Part 1. Vaduz, West Germany: J. Cramer. and 1985. North American Species of Clitocybe, Part 2. Vaduz, West Germany: J. Cramer. [Bigelow(5)]
• Brandrud, T.E., H. Lindstrom, H. Marklund, J. Melot, S. Muskos. 1990-94. Cortinarius Flora Photographica Volumes 1-3. Excellent photographs and also descriptions of European Cortinarius species. [Brandrud]
• Brown, R.W. 1956 Composition of Scientific Words Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. A very good reference for working out derivations of genus and species names.
• Castellano, M., Jane E. Smith, Thom O'Dell, Efren Cazares, Susan Nugent. 1999. Handbook to Strategy 1 Fungal Species in the Northwest Forest Plan. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-476. United States Department of Agriculture. Descriptions and illustrations of species at risk in the Pacific Northwest. [Castellano(1)]
• Corner, E.J.H.. 1966. NA Monograph of Cantharelloid Fungi. Oxford University Press. [Corner]
• Crawshay, Richard. 1930. Spore Ornamentation of the Russulas. London. [Crawshay]
• Desjardin, Dennis E. 1987. The Agaricales (Gilled Fungi) of California 7. Tricholomataceae I. Marasmioid Fungi: the genera Baeospora, Crinipellis, Marasmiellus, Marasmius, Micromphale, and Strobilurus. Mad River Press, Eureka, California. [Desjardin(1)]
• Fries, Elias. 1874. Hymenomycetes Europaei. Contains original descriptions of many European species, in Latin. [Fries]
• Grund, D.W. 1965. Survey of Genus Russula in Washington State. Ph.D. thesis [Grund(2)]
• Halling, Roy E. 1983. The Genus Collybia in the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Contains descriptions of many species found in the Pacific Northwest. [Halling(1)]
• Hansen, Lise, Henning Knudsen editors. 1992. Nordic Macromycetes. Volume 2. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen. Comprehensive keys with short descriptions, but only for European species, a good complement to Moser's Keys to Agarics and Boleti. [Hansen]
• Henderson, D.M., P.D. Orton, and R. Watling. 1969. Color Identification Chart. British Fungus Flora. Agarics and Boleti: Introduction. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 84p. [Henderson]
• Hesler, L.R. 1969. North American Species of Gymnopilus. Hafner Publishing, New York. The standard work on the subject, some black and white photographs. [Hesler(2)]
• Hesler, L.R., Smith, A.H.. 1963. North American Species of Hygrophorus. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville. The standard work on the subject, some black and white photographs. [Hesler]
• Hesler, L.R., Smith, A.H. 1965. North American Species of Crepidotus. Hafner Publishing, New York. The standard work on the subject, some black and white photographs. [Hesler(3)]
• Hesler, L.R., Smith, A.H. 1979. North American Species of Lactarius. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. The standard work on the subject, some black and white photographs. [Hesler(4)]
• Kauffman, C.H. 1918. The Agaricaceae of Michigan. Michigan Geological and Biological Survey Lansing Michigan. Used here only for descriptions of a few species and some items in a helpful glossary. [Kauffman]
• Kelly, K.L. 1965. ISCC-NBS Centroid Color Charts. Standard Sample No. 2106. U.S. Nat. Bur. Standards. Washington, D.C. 20p. [Kelly(1)]
• Kornerup, A. 1984. Methuen Book of Color. Hasting House, New York. [Kornerup]
• Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A Revision of the Genus Inocybe in Europe. I. Subgenus Inosperma and the Smooth-Spored Species of Subgenus Inocybe. Rijksherbarium, Leiden. [Kuyper]
• Largent, D.L., Baroni, T.J. 1988 How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus VI: Modern Genera. Mad River Press, Eureka. Descriptions of genera with keys to identifying them, detailed coverage of stature types
• Largent, D.L. 1994. Entolomatoid Fungi of the Western United States and Alaska. Mad River Press, Eureka. Excellent standard work on the subject, with detailed descriptions, range maps, and color photographs of more than half of the many species dealt with in this program. [Largent]
• Maas Geesteranus, R.A. 1992. Mycenas of the Northern Hemisphere I & II. North-Holland, Amsterdam. The standard modern work on the subject [Maas Geesteranus]
• Moser, M. 1983. Keys to Agarics and Boleti. Translated by S. Plant. Publisher Roger Phillips, London. Comprehensive keys with short descriptions, but only for European species. [Moser(1)]
• Rayner, R.W. 1968-70. Keys to the British Species of Russula 1-3. Bull. British Mycological Soc. [Rayner]
• Rayner, R.W. 1970. A mycological color chart. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. [Rayner(2)]
• Ridgway, R. 1912. Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. Published by the Author. Washington, D.C. Used by many authors of technical literature, but out of print and difficult and expensive to obtain second-hand. [Ridgway]
• Romagnesi, H. 1967. Les Russules d'Europe et d'Nord d'Afrique. Bordas. [Romagnesi]
• Shanks, Kris M. 1997. The Agaricales (Gilled Fungi) of California 11. Tricholomataceae II Tricholoma. Mad River Press, Eureka, California. [Shanks(2)]
• Singer, Rolf. 1986. The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy 4th Edition. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Germany. 981 pp. Expensive but authoritative reference for world Agaricales with keys to genus level and lists of species without species descriptions. [1975 edition is Singer(4)]
• Smith, Alexander H. 1947. North American Species of Mycena. University of Michigan. This and Maas Geesteranus' work are the two standards on the subject. [Smith(1)]
• Smith, Alexander H., Singer, Rolf. 1965. A Monograph on the Genus Galerina Earle. Hafner Publishing, New York. The standard work on the subject, some black and white photographs. [Smith(2)]
• Smith, Alexander H., Hesler, L.R. 1968. North American Species of Pholiota. Hafner Publishing, New York. The standard work on the subject. [Smith (3)]
• Smith, Alexander H 1972. The North American Species of Psathyrella. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden Volume 24. A standard work. [Smith(5)]
• Smith, Alexander H., V.S. Evenson, D.H. Mitchel. 1983. The Veiled Species of Hebeloma in the Western United States. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Standard for these difficult species. [Smith(7)]
• Stamets, Paul. 1996. Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley. Comprehensive, interesting, detailed descriptions, good quality color photographs of most species. [Stamets]
• Watling, R. British Fungus Flora Agarics and Boleti 3 Bolbitiaceae Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Source of some descriptions of species also found in North America. [Watling]
• Watling, R., Norma M. Gregory. 1987. British Fungus Flora Agarics and Boleti 5 Strophariaceae and Coprinaceae Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Source of some descriptions of species also found in North America. [Watling(3)]
• Watling, R., Norma M. Gregory. 1990. British Fungus Flora Agarics and Boleti 6 Crepidotaceae, Pleurotaceae and other pleurotoid agarics Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Source of some descriptions of species also found in North America. [Watling(2)]

General Mycology

• Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W., Blackwell, M. 1996. Introductory Mycology Fourth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, . University level textbook
• Hawksworth, D.L, Kirk, P.M., Sutton, B.C., Pegler, D.N. 1995. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi Eighth Edition. International Mycological Institute, Egham, U.K. Standard reference which is useful as a dictionary and as a classification of all the genera in European style: Its classification has been followed here with some exceptions (see Note on Taxonomy).
• Kendrick, Bryce. 1992. The Fifth Kingdom Second Edition. Mycologue Publications, Focus Information Group, Newburyport, MA. Classification and biology of fungi, entertainingly written at the university course level, with wide scope and a lot of interesting information. [Kendrick(1)] Revision with supplementary illustrations available online at http://www.mycolog.com/fifthtoc.html
• Lange, J. 1914-40. Flora agaricina Danica I-V. Copenhagen. 500 colored plates and mostly macroscopic descriptions in English. [Lange]
• Pilat, Usak. 1961. Mushrooms and Other Fungi. [Pilat]
• Smith, A.H. 1949 Mushrooms in Their Natural Habitats. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. [Smith(15)]

Periodical Articles

• Ammirati, Joseph F. 1975. Cortinarius, Section Dermocybe: Further Studies on Cortinarius aureifolius. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 51 Studies on Higher Fungi pp39-52. J.Cramer. [Ammirati(6)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F., Smith, Alexander H. 1977. Studies in the Genus Cortinarius, III: Section Dermocybe, New North American Species. Mycotaxon V(2): 381-397. [Ammirati(2)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F., Smith, Alexander H. 1978. Studies in the Genus Cortinarius, IV: Section Dermocybe, New North American Species. Mycotaxon VII(2): 256-264. [Ammirati(3)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F., G.A. Laursen. 1982. Cortinarii in Alaskan arctic tundra. In Arctic and alpine mycology, the first international symposium on arcto-alpine mycology. Edited by G.A. Laursen and J.F. Ammirati. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington. pp. 282-308. [Ammirati(10)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F., A.H.Smith. 1984. Cortinarius II: A Preliminary Treatment of Species in the Subgenus Dermocybe, Section Sanguinei, in North America, North of Mexico. McIlvainea 6(2): 54-64. [Ammirati(8)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F., A.H.Smith. 1988. Dermocybe, (or Cortinarius, Subgenus Dermocybe) Some Species in the Sections Dermocybe, Holoxanthae, and Malicoriae. McIlvainea 8(2): 54-64. [Ammirati(9)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F. 1988. Dermocybe (Cortinariaceae, Agaricales): North American Names - New Combinations, Synonyms and Notes. Mycotaxon 33: 437-446. [Ammirati(4)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F. 1989. Dermocybe Section Sanguineae in Northern California. Mycotaxon 34: 21-36. [Ammirati(7)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F., S. Ammirati, L. Norvell, T. O'Dell, M. Puccio, M. Seidl, G. Walker, The Puget Sound Mycological Society, S. Redhead, J. Ginns, H. Burdsall, T. Volk, K. Nakasone. 1994. A Preliminary Report on the Fungi of Barlow Pass, Washington. McIlvainea. [Ammirati(5)]
• Bandala, Victor M. 1998. New data on the genus Phaeocollybia based on type studies. Mycologia 90(1): 118-124. [Bandala]
• Banerjee, Partha, Walter J. Sundberg. 1993. Three New Species and a New Variety of Pluteus from the United States. Mycotaxon 47: 389-394. [Banerjee(1)]
• Banerjee, Partha, Walter J. Sundberg. 1993. Reexamination of Pluteus (Type Specimens: Types Housed at the New York Botanical Garden. Mycotaxon 49: 413-435. [Banerjee(2)]
• Banerjee, Partha, Walter J. Sundberg. 1995. The genus Pluteus (Pluteaceae, Agaricales) in the Midwestern United States. Mycotaxon 53: 189-246. [Banerjee(3)]
• Banik, Mark T., Thomas J. Volk, Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. 1996. Armillaria species of the Olympic Peninsula of Washington state, including confirmation of North American biological species XI. Mycologia 88(3): 492-496. [Banik]
• Baroni, Timothy J. 1981. A revision of the Genus Rhodocybe Maire (Agaricales). Beih. Nova Hedwigia 67: 1-194. [Baroni(1)]
• Baroni, Timothy J., David L. Largent. 1989. The Genus Rhodocybe: new combinations and a revised key to Section Rhodophana in North America. Mycotaxon 84(1) 47-53. [Baroni(2)]
• Bendiksen, E., K. Bendiksen, T.E. Brandrud. 1992. What is Cortinarius cylindripes Kauffman? Persoonia 14: 583-585. [Bendiksen]
• Bérubé, J.A., M. Dessureault. 1987. Morphological Characterization of Armillaria ostoyae and Armillaria sinapina sp. nov. Can. J. Bot. 66: 2027-2034. [Bérubé]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1962. Clitocybe species from the Western United States. Mycologia 54: 498-515. [Bigelow(7)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1965. Clitocybe in North America. Lloydia 28(2). [Bigelow(8)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1970. Omphalina in North America. Mycologia 62: 1-32. [Bigelow(9)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1973. Cantharocybe, a new Genus of Agaricales. Mycologia 65: 485-488. [Bigelow(1)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1973. The Genus Clitocybula. Mycologia 65: 1101-1116. [Bigelow(3)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1975. Studies in the Tricholomataceae Hygrophoropsis, Cantharellula, Myxomphalia, Omphaliaster Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 51 Studies on Higher Fungi pp61-78. J.Cramer. [Bigelow(6)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1977. New Taxa of Clitocybe. Mycotaxon 6(1): 181-185. [Bigelow(2)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1979. Notes on Fayodia ss. Lato. Mycotaxon 9(1): 38-47. [Bigelow(4)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1982. Species Described in Clitocybe by C.H.Peck and W. A. Murrill. Sydowia Annales Mycologici Ser. II 35 [Bigelow(10)]
• Bills, Gerald F., Orson K. Miller Jr. 1984. Southern Appalachian Russulas I. Mycologia 76(6): 975-1002. [Bills]
• Burlingham, Gertrude S. 1913. The Lactariaeae of the Pacific Coast. Mycologia 5: 305-311. [Burlingham(1)]
• Burlingham, Gertrude S. 1915. North American Flora. 9. [Burlingham(2)]
• Burlingham, Gertrude S. 1918. New Species of Russula from Massachusetts Mycologia 10: 93-96. [Burlingham(3)]
• Burlingham, Gertrude S. 1936. New or Noteworthy Species of Russula and Lactaria. Mycologia 28: 23-267. [Burlingham(4)]
• Cazares, Efren, James M. Trappe. 1991. Alpine and subalpine fungi of the Cascade and Olympic Mountains. 2. Macowanites lymanensis sp. nov. Mycotaxon 42: 333-338. [Cazares]
• Clemençon, Heinz, Alexander H. Smith. 1983. New Species of Lyophyllum (Agaricales) from North America and a key to the known staining species. Mycotaxon 18(2): 379-437. [Clemencon]
• Cooke, W.B. 1957. The Porotheleaceae: Porotheleum. Mycologia 49: 680-693 [Cooke(1)]
• Cooke, W.B. 1961. The Cyphellaceous Fungi. A Study in the Porotheleaceae. Sydowia, Beiheft IV. [Cooke(2)]
• Cripps, Cathy L. 1997. The genus Inocybe in Montana aspen stands. Mycologia 89(4) 670-688. [Cripps]
• Davidson, J.E. 1930. Notes on the Agaricaceae of Vancouver (B.C.) district - I. Mycologia 22:80-93. [Davidson]
• Desjardin, Dennis E., Scott A. Redhead. 1987. Marasmius salalis, a new Pacific Coast North American species. Mycotaxon 29: 307-308. [Desjardin(2)]
• Desjardin, Dennis E., Scott A. Redhead. 1987. California Collybias. I. Collybia bakerensis, a common snowbank agaric. Mycotaxon 29: 321-327. [Desjardin(3)]
• Favre, Julius. 1955. Les champignons supérieurs de la zone alpine du Parc National suisse. Res. Rech. Sci, entr. Parc National suisse. [Favre]
• Freeman, Alice E.H. 1979. Agaricus in North America: type studies. Mycotaxon 8(1):1-49. [Freeman]
• Gillman, Linnea Stewart, Orson K. Miller. 1977. A study of the boreal, alpine, and arctic species of Melanoleuca. Mycologia 69: 927-951. [Gillman]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1968. Nova Scotian Inocybes. I. Mycologia 60:406-425. [Grund(3)]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1970. Nova Scotian Inocybes. II. Mycologia 62:925-939. [Grund(4)]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1975. Nova Scotian Inocybes. III. Mycologia 67:19-31. [Grund(5)]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1977. Nova Scotian Inocybes. IV. Mycologia 69:392-408. [Grund(6)]
• Grund, Darryl W. 1979. New and Interesting Taxa of Russula Pers. Ex S.F.Gray occurring in Washington State. Mycotaxon 9(1): 93-113. [Grund]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1980. Nova Scotian Inocybes. V. Mycologia 72:670-688. [Grund(7)]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1981. Nova Scotian Inocybes. VI. Mycologia 73:655-674. [Grund(8)]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1983. Nova Scotian Inocybes. VII. Mycologia 75:257-270. [Grund(9)]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1984. Nova Scotian Inocybes. VIII. Mycologia 76:733-740. [Grund(10)]
• Hesler, L.R. 1960. A Study of Russula Types Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 1-59. [Hesler(5)]
• Hesler, L.R. 1961. A Study of Russula Types II. Mycologia 53: 605-625. [Hesler(6)]
• Hesler, L.R. 1961. A Study of Julius Schaeffer's Russulas. Lloydia 24: 182-198. [Hesler(7)]
• Hoiland, K. 1984. Cortinarius Section Dermocybe. Op. Bot. 71: 1-113. [Hoiland]
• Homola, R.L. 1972. Section Celluloderma of the genus Pluteus in North America. Mycologia 64(6): 1211-1247 [Homola]
• Hotson, J.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1938. The Genus Agaricus in Western Washington. Mycologia 30: 204-234. [Hotson]
• Kauffman, C.H. 1925. The Fungus Flora of Mt. Hood with some new species Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts & Letters 5:115-148. [Kauffman(2)]
• Kauffman, C.H. 1924. Inocybe. North American Flora 10: 248ff. [Kauffman(4)]
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Web Pages

• Halling, Roy E. A revision of Collybia s.l. in the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. http://www.nybg.org/bsci/res/col/colintro.html. a revision of his earlier work: The Genus Collybia in the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. [Halling(2)]
• Kendrick, Bryce. The Fifth Kingdom. http://www.mycolog.com/fifthtoc.html. profusely illustrated general mycology text. As Professor M.J. Wingfield of Pretoria said, "Why would anyone use any other text?" [Kendrick(2)]
• Mueller, Gregory M. Mueller. The Mushroom Genus Laccaria in North America. http://www.fmnh.org/research_collections/botany/botany_sites/fungi/index.html. site based on Mueller, G.M. 1992. Systematics of Laccaria (Agaricales) in the Continental United States and Canada, With Discussions on Extralimital Taxa and Descriptions of Extant Types. Fieldiana: Botany, n.s., 30: 1-158. [Mueller(2)]
• Volk, Tom. Tom Volk's Fungi: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/ access to more than 1000 images, including details of Armillaria species. [Volk(2)]
• Wood, Michael, Fred Stevens. MykoWeb. http://www.mykoweb.com. the source of many images in this program, and a 5 star website: for more details see About MykoWeb on the Help menu. [MykoWeb]